News history
How markets reacted to news like this before
New news often rhymes with old news. We group major events into news patterns, as a framework rather than a fixed formula.
News patterns and their usual direction
| Pattern | USD | XAU | US | SET | BTC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawkish central bank (rate hikes / hawkish signals) | ▲▲ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ |
| Dovish central bank (rate cuts / QE) | ▼ | ▲▲ | ▲ | ▲ | ▲ |
| Liquidity crisis / panic | ▲▲ | ▲ | ▼▼ | ▼▼ | ▼▼ |
| Policy shock / trade war | ▼ | ▲▲ | ▼▼ | ▼ | ▼▼ |
| Crypto-specific news (ETFs, exchange failures, regulation) | ■ | ■ | ■ | ■ | ▲▲ |
COVID crash: a liquidity crisis where everything was sold
Liquidity crisisThe COVID-19 outbreak sent investors rushing into cash. The Fed made an emergency cut to 0–0.25% (15 Mar 2020) and launched unlimited QE.
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| US stocks | S&P 500 fell about −34% (19 Feb–23 Mar 2020) | Back to a new all-time high by Aug 2020 |
| Crypto | BTC fell about 50% in a single day (12 Mar) to around $3,800–4,000 | Rallied past $60,000 in 2021 |
| Gold | Sold briefly to raise cash, from about $1,700 to about $1,470 | Set a new record near $2,075 (Aug 2020) |
| US dollar | DXY spiked during the panic | Weakened after the Fed flooded markets with liquidity |
Lesson: In a true panic even gold gets sold, because everyone wants dollar cash. Once central banks step in with money, risk assets and gold often rebound hard. Watch for central-bank rescue announcements.
The Fed starts its steepest hiking cycle in 40 years
Hawkish central bankUS inflation surged and the Fed raised rates by a total of 4.25% within one year (from 0–0.25% to 4.25–4.50%).
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| US dollar | DXY peaked near 114 (Sep 2022); USDJPY touched about 152 (Oct) | Strong throughout the hiking cycle |
| US stocks | S&P 500 −19% for the year, Nasdaq −33% | Tech stocks were hit hardest |
| Crypto | BTC about −64% for the year | A long crypto bear market |
| Gold | Roughly flat for the year (about 0%) | A strong dollar weighed on dollar-priced gold |
Lesson: In a rising-rate cycle the dollar is usually the winner, while assets that rely on cheap money (growth stocks, crypto) tend to struggle. When the Fed keeps signalling tightening, be careful trading against the dollar trend.
FTX collapses: counterparty risk
Crypto-specificOne of the world's largest crypto exchanges ran out of liquidity and filed for bankruptcy; users could not withdraw funds.
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| Crypto | BTC fell from about $21,000 to about $15,500 (the cycle low) | Confidence took months to return |
| US stocks | Limited impact | The problem stayed inside crypto |
Lesson: Crypto-specific news can be severe without touching other markets. Never keep all your money on one exchange, and watch for news about an exchange's finances or unusual withdrawals.
SVB fails: stress in the banking system
Liquidity crisisSilicon Valley Bank was shut down after a bank run, and markets worried it would spread to other regional banks.
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| Gold | Back above $2,000 | Investors looked for safe havens |
| Crypto | BTC rose from about $20,000 to about $28,000 the following week | Markets bet the Fed would have to stop hiking |
| US stocks | Regional bank shares plunged | Main indices swung |
| US dollar | Weakened | Markets priced in fewer rate hikes |
Lesson: Banking crises make markets bet on Fed easing, which helps gold and BTC. With news like this, watch how quickly the government and the Fed step in with guarantees.
The US approves spot Bitcoin ETFs
Crypto-specificThe US SEC approved ETFs that hold actual bitcoin for the first time, opening the door to institutional money.
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| Crypto | At first it was “buy the rumour, sell the news”: BTC dipped to about $39,000 within 2 weeks | Then rallied to a record near $73,700 (Mar 2024) |
Lesson: Good news that the market expects is often sold when it is announced. But if the news genuinely changes how money can flow in, the medium-term trend can stay positive.
The Fed's first cut: 0.50%
Dovish central bankThe Fed began cutting from 5.25–5.50% to 4.75–5.00%, more than part of the market expected.
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| US dollar | Weakened briefly (DXY around 100) | Rebounded strongly in Q4 as US data stayed strong |
| Gold | Kept rising to new records in late Sep 2024 | The uptrend continued |
| US stocks | Rose to new highs | — |
Lesson: The first rate cut is usually already priced in; what happens next depends on the following economic data. Don't assume the dollar will weaken for long just because the Fed cut once.
“Liberation Day” tariffs and the 90-day pause
Policy shockThe US announced import tariffs on almost every country and markets feared a recession, before most tariffs were paused for 90 days on 9 Apr.
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| US stocks | S&P 500 fell about −10% in 2 trading days (3–4 Apr) | On 9 Apr it jumped about +9.5% in one day after the pause |
| US dollar | Fell together with stocks, unlike its usual safe-haven role | Confidence in US assets was shaken |
| Gold | Hit a record above $3,500 (22 Apr 2025) | The main safe haven |
Lesson: Policy announcements from leaders can be reversed quickly, so volatility runs both ways. Trade smaller and don't place stop-losses too tight around news like this.
The largest liquidation event in crypto history
Policy shockA threat of 100% tariffs on China hit while the market was heavily leveraged, four days after BTC set a record of $126,198 (6 Oct 2025).
| Market | Immediate reaction | Afterwards |
|---|---|---|
| Crypto | About $19 billion of leveraged positions were force-closed; BTC fell intraday from about $122,000 to about $105,000 | Some altcoins dropped tens of percent within minutes |
| US stocks | Fell sharply the same day | — |
Lesson: Bad news that arrives when leverage is high pushes prices far below fundamentals. Use low leverage and don't go all-in near fresh all-time highs.